pp. 25-26 - independence free will identity, “alien control,” symbiotic collaboration
p. 39 - “the history of warfare always proves more glamorous than accounts of co-operation...”
p. 54 - “the germ free animal is by and large a miserable creature...”
pp. 80-83 - no good or bad microbes
p. 108 - herpes viruses live inside and disease coral reefs
pp. 119-121 - inflammatory bowel disease
pp. 122-123 - livestock and pets effects on microbiome and microbial diversity
p. 123 - c-section + bottle fed babies = illness later in life
pp. 124-125 - fiber, stool size/weight, and short chain fatty acids
p. 125 - “antibiotics are shock and awe weapons”
p. 134 - “scientists... find simple explanations psychologically soothing” - occam’s razor
pp. 182-183 - evolve to digest plants and meat, rapid adaptation with seasons, dietary variation, and environmental demand
p. 190 - HGTs - horizontal gene transfers, bacteria easily and frequently swap dna, leading to highly rapid evolutionary/adaptive opportunities
p. 223 - no clear evidence probiotics help the most flagrant disorders in which microbiome has been implicated, or change microbiome
pp. 227-228 - probiotics need to feed on prebiotics to prosper, and prosper best within a community of cooperative/collaborative microbes
pp. 229-235 - FMT - fecal microbiota transplant, someone else’s healthy feces can recolonize suppressed/compromised gut, earliest record from emergency medicine handbook written in 4th century china, 94% effective for treating c-diff bacterial infections, anecdotally treats obesity, ibs, autoimmune diseases, mental health, autism
p. 230 - coprophagy - common animal practice of swallowing other animal’s dung dropping to acquire microbes, acts as colony-wide immune system to defend against parasites and pathogens
pp. 234-235 - rePOOPulate - 33 strains of gut bacteria harvested from healthy 41 yr old woman who’d never taken antibiotics, cured c-diff, represents future of FMT: ideally there’ll be a series of tailored, personalized microbial cocktails to treat different diseases
p. 238 - “artisanal bacteria” - scientists tinkering with genes of microbes to endow them with new skills —> in order to create proprietary microbes/cocktails —> pharma can’t patent naturally occurring bacteria
p. 252 - “dog dust contain allergy-suppressing microbes”
p. 257 - “toilets that are cleaned too often are more likely to be covered in fecal bacteria”
p. 258 - ill recover faster w open windows than hyper-sterilized indoor hospitals, “fresh air brings in harmless environmental microbes that take up space and exclude pathogens”
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